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Sea state
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Everything about Sea State totally explainedA sea state includes the height, period, and character of waves on the surface of a large body of water. The large number of variables involved in creating the sea state can't be quickly and easily summarised, so simpler scales are used to give an approximate but concise description of conditions for reporting in a ship's log or similar record.
| WMO Sea State Code |
Significant Wave Height (meters) |
Characteristics |
| 0 |
0 |
Calm (glassy) |
| 1 |
0 to 0.1 |
Calm (rippled) |
| 2 |
0.1 to 0.5 |
Smooth (wavelets) |
| 3 |
0.5 to 1.25 |
Slight |
| 4 |
1.25 to 2.5 |
Moderate |
| 5 |
2.5 to 4 |
Rough |
| 6 |
4 to 6 |
Very rough |
| 7 |
6 to 9 |
High |
| 8 |
9 to 14 |
Very high |
| 9 |
Over 14 |
Phenomenal |
| Character of the sea swell |
| |
0. None |
| Low |
1. Short or average
2. Long |
| Moderate |
3. Short
4. Average
5. Long |
| Heavy |
6. Short
7. Average
8. Long |
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9. Confused
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» Direction from which swell is coming should be recorded.
Confused swell should be recorded as "confused northeast," if coming from the direction of northeast.
Sea states in marine engineering
In engineering applications, sea states are often characterized by the following two parameters:
The sea state is in addition to these two parameters (or variation of the two) also described by the wave spectrum which is the product of a wave height spectrum and a wave direction spectrum . Some wave height spectra are listed below. The dimension of the wave spectrum is
In addition to the short term wave statistics presented above, long term sea state statistics are often given as a joint frequency table of the significant wave height and the mean wave period. From the long and short term statistical distributions it's possible to find the extreme values expected in the operating life of a ship. A ship designer can find the most extreme sea states (extreme values of H1/3 and T1) from the joint frequency table, and from the wave spectrum the designer can find the most likely highest wave elevation in the most extreme sea states and predict the most likely highest loads on individual parts of the ship from the response amplitude operators of the ship. Surviving the once in 100 years or once in 1000 years sea state is a normal demand for design of ships and offshore structures.
Further Information
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